Activities Around Marina Bay Sands . So for this trip, we walked from Lau Pa Sat to Marina Bay Sands MBS to cross the Lions Bridge to the Gardens. Singapore, Singapore . Venue: Supertree Grove at Gardens by the Bay, 18 Marina Gardens Dr, Singapore 018953. 24-hour front desk. Reply. 01am to 2. 45pm and 8. Via The East-West Line. (Just ask if U are lost). 1 Aug 2023 - 31 Jul 2024. 15 Aug 2023. So take a break and follow us on a 12 KM cycling route covering a stretch of East Coast Park to Marina Barrage and passing through Gardens by the Bay East via PCN (Park Connector Network), while listening to the music that the Earth makes. Children who are 12 or younger sleep for free in the existing bedding of a shared room with a paying adult. A decade of festive magic unfolds as Christmas Wonderland, presented by Trip. 1. Gardens by the Bay is a nature park spanning 101 ha of reclaimed land in central Singapore, adjacent to the Marina Reservoir. Go on a luxurious Singapore holiday and visit Universal Studios, Singapore flyer, Gardens by the Bay, Marina Life Park, and Marina Bay Sands. Open daily from 5am – 2am. com. Level 10 Burppler · 5142 Reviews. Gardens by the Bay East Loop. The Floral Fantasy uses technology and art to showcase incredible flowers from all over the world. Alternatively, SBS Transit operates a bus from Aft Bugis Stn Exit C to Bayfront Stn Exit B/MBS every 15 minutes. Watch the Supertrees come alive at night with a dazzling display of lights in the Garden Rhapsody in Gardens by the Bay and enjoy a boat. Fri, 15 Sep - Sun, 1 Oct 2023: 6pm - 10pm. 4 hours. You can get a nice view of the light show (8 pm and 9:30 pm). It's about a 5 min walk via Lions bridge which connects MBS to the Gardens. This year’s theme is "Onward as One", emphasising Singapore’s tenacity and strength stemming from a shared identity. Comprising three waterfront gardens - Bay South, Bay East and Bay Central - Gardens by the Bay will be a showcase of horticulture and garden artistry that will. Spectra – A Light & Water Show is a free nightly outdoor 15-minute extravaganza. 2. Cross the Dragonfly Bridge and arrive at Gardens By The Bay. 10 Tips for Marina Bay Sands in Singapore. Last admission to the paid attractions are at 8:00pm. Select options. Or if your coming via the MRT to Bayfront station, just follow the signs for the underground route. The Marina Bay Sands Hotel rooms to book are the following: The Tower Rooms, The Atrium Rooms, The Bay View Rooms, and The Deluxe Rooms. Video Credit: Singapore Tourism Board. Explore the museum’s 21 galleries and delve into the world of art. 4 on Tripadvisor among 1,188 attractions in Singapore. Train operators. Bundle up the whole gang and stroll over to Satay by the Bay. Suspended between two Supertrees at 22 metres above ground, this 128m-long aerial walkway offers marvellous opportunities to capture that postcard-worthy shot of the Gardens’ lush surrounds, set in the heart of downtown Marina Bay. If you’ve got a time cramped itinerary, head to Bay South that houses the iconic Supertrees, Flower Dome and Cloud Forest. 4. 15 Sep to 1 Oct 2023. 17. , that will bring you directly into Bay South Garden along the waterfront. From local food and drinks to trendy and major events around Marina Bay in Singapore, this comprehensive guide has everything to keep everyone. Hop on a river cruise or laser show cruise – we recommend the 7. Opened in 2012, Gardens by the Bay is located on reclaimed land behind Marina Bay Sands Hotel. View Hotel. Many of Singapore’s most iconic landmarks stand right by the river. The Supertree Grove, Sun Pavillion, Heritage Gardens, World of Plants, Serene Garden, and Dragonfly and Kingfisher Lakes close at 2 am daily. Location. Visitors can also enjoy stunning views of the city skyline from the rooftop garden. However the view is to-die-for. Charges apply from the 3 rd staying adult. Gardens by the Bay: Astonishing view from MBS & VV. 00am to 11. Soak in panoramic views of Singapore's iconic skyline at the Marina Bay Sands Skypark Observation Deck. There are plans to turn Singapore into a "City in a Garden" in this park, which is situated on reclaimed land behind Marina Bay Sands. A forty-minute cruise that would take you to Marina South, Marina Bay, Boat Quay, Clark Quay and Robertson Quay. 3. 17 min Average Duration. 12 Canopy Bridge. And under this giant roof, there are many displays of plant species from the Mediterranean, South African, Australia, South America and California. The Marina Bay Sands hotel room amenity offers guests a luxurious and unique experience. The garden remains closed on Tuesday if the preceding Monday was a public holiday. 00pm), or take the underground linkway via Bayfront MRT Station (Exit B). A world-class location for large-scale events. Central, Singapore. The promenade and area under the Benjamin Sheares Bridge will remain accessible to. Gardens by the Bay: A short walk away from mbs - See 59,938 traveler reviews, 61,954 candid photos, and great deals for Singapore, Singapore, at Tripadvisor. Garden Pod hotel at GBTB. 87373. As such there are no off days for the light show; in case there are any closures for maintenance, they update their website regularly, so make sure to check ahead before you visit. dragonfly bridge gardens by the bay singapore • dragonfly bridge @ gardens by the bay singapore • garden bay bridge singapore •. Mario Thunderbird Lee. For this purpose, three green oases, which cover more than 240 acre (100 hectares), were artificially created around Marina Bay: Bay Central Garden, Bay East Garden and. Set out along the 3. It's about a 5 min walk via Lions bridge which connects MBS to the Gardens. The idea of Marina Bay first took shape in the 1970s, when city’s planners envisioned an expansion of the city centre to accommodate Singapore’s. from ₹3,647. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Gardens By The Bay stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. 0. 00am - 2. The largest of the gardens is Bay South Garden at 54 ha. 01 (Sïngäpûru). Fri, 1 Dec 2023 - Mon, 1 Jan 2024. Tickets cost $1 - $3 and the journey takes 6 min. Designed by Israeli-born architect Moshe Safdie, Marina Bay Sands is a sprawling hotel, casino, mall, theatre, exhibition and museum complex. Dismount and push bike. 45 pm and 8. Know About the Marina Bay Sands. Fees apply should a rollaway bed be required. Feast your eyes on impressive views of Gardens by the Bay, the Supertree Grove and Singapore's iconic landmarks. Play tourist and visit Gardens by the Bay located by the Marina Bay Waterfront in the heart of Singapore; Explore one of Singapore's very famous. Exit & cross the Dragonfly Bridge or Meadow Bridge into Gardens by the Bay; (via East-West Line) Alight at Tanjong Pagar MRT Station (EW15). 4. Information for Visitors. No wonder, more than 3 million tourists and locals are expected to visit Christmas Winter Wonderland in 2023, which is scheduled from 1 December 2023. , that will bring you directly into Bay South Garden along the. See Singapore's cosmopolitan four-part story unfold before your eyes. 00. 0) In May 2006, Las Vegas Sands won one out of two slots to be in Singapore’s integrated resorts. 6. Exit & cross the Dragonfly Bridge or Meadow Bridge into Gardens by the Bay; (via East-West Line) Alight at Tanjong Pagar MRT Station (EW15). rex, Brachiosaurus, and Oviraptor roar to life every hour amidst a landscape of 15 other life-sized dinosaurs. Exits C & D - Connect to The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands (1 minute walk), Sands Expo & Convention Centre (3 minute walk), the Hotel (5 minute walk), Sands SkyPark (10 minute walk), ArtScience Museum (10 minute walk), and Sands Theatre (10 minute walk). Gardens by the Bay is Singapore's premier horticultural attraction, and a city icon, spanning 101 hectares in the centre of the city featuring over 1. Distance: 12 KM. 31 MILES. 1. 00-21:00 Uhr. The park consists of three waterfront gardens: Bay South Garden, Bay East Garden and Bay Central Garden. ^Walk-out balcony is only available in rooms. Secondly, Bayfront provides access to other attractions around Marina Bay such as Helix Bridge, Merlion Park, Singapore Flyer and Marina Barrage and Sands SkyPark. Answer 1 of 5: Looking for a short cut to get from Gardens by the bay to the helliux Bridge. #joonbondtripvlog4 #sginsider #tripblazers #marinabaysands #staycation. Keep walking in the same direction the around the way toward the Merlion. A popular observance in many Asian countries, including Singapore, the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on Friday, 29 September 2023. Marina Bay Sands. Meeting Point. Parking is free between midday and 2 p. The park consists of three waterfront gardens: Bay South Garden, Bay East Garden and Bay Central Garden. Up to 50% Off on Spectrum of the Seas from Singapore to Malaysia, Thailand or Japan, dan Marina Bay Sands SkyPark Observation Deck. A modern bridge linking two parts of the Bay, the Helix Bridge is definitely worth a spot on the things to do in Marina Bay list. / 1. This trail takes you to parks, reservoirs and scenic spots in the northern part of Singapore, accessible via the Northern Explorer. Web Visit website. SMRT operates a vehicle from Tampines to Bayfront every 5 minutes. The Helix Bridge: E : Marina Bay Sands – Sands Expo and Convention Centre Bayfront Link, Marina Bay City Gallery, The Promontory @ Marina Bay. Here's a look at the water play area and what families may expect! Update (17 Aug 2022): Updated opening hours. SBS. There is 1 way to get from Marina Bay Sands to Gardens by the Bay by foot. Gardens by the Bay in Singapore is a must-visit destination, featuring an expansive park with striking Super Trees, the OCBC Skywalk bridge, and two captivating domes – the Cloud Forest and Flower Dome. Wow, Bay East Garden has the best views of Marina Bay Sands and the Gardens. (24 reviews) from $ 15. Peak hours are between 4. The cheapest way to get from Helix Bridge to Marina Bay Sands costs only $2, and the quickest way takes just 2 mins. As the full moon graces the night sky, savour mooncakes from restaurants and 5 star hotels in Singapore. The East-West Green Line of the Singapore MRT. 30pm & 11pm. Address: 18 Marina Gardens Dr, Singapore 018953. The journey from the National Museum of Singapore to the attraction will take. per adult (price varies by group size) CityExperience+Gardens by the Bay (FlowerDome&SuperTree)+Transfers. A new dining concept with social enterprise in mind. SINGAPORE - JAN 16, 2018 - Marina Bay Sands Hotel and Gardens By The Bay illuminated at dusk. It made for a great ride, since we didn't sweat too much and. Explore Gardens by the Bay. Play tourist and visit Gardens by the Bay located by the Marina Bay Waterfront in the heart of Singapore; Explore one of Singapore's very famous. From Marina Bay Sands, cross the overhead bridge (Lions Bridge) located at Marina Bay Sands Hotel (the hotel is open daily from 8:00 AM to 11:00 PM), or take the underground linkway via. Suspended between two Supertrees at 22 metres above ground, this 128m-long aerial walkway offers marvellous opportunities to capture that postcard-worthy shot of the Gardens’ lush surrounds, set in the heart of downtown Marina Bay. It is also the new downtown of Singapore, built. 3 years ago. 31. 13 Jun 2023 . Satay by the Bay will close till end Nov 2023 for upgrading works. These are the Lions Bridge, the path under the ECP near the Helix Bridge and from the Bayfront MRT Station. 168. The Marina Bay Sands resort has been standing between the mouth of the Singapore River and the Singapore Strait since 2010. Most rooms have a private infinity pool that offers stunning views of the Singapore skyline. Start out at East Coast Park with a relaxed picnic by the sea. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. 6) Gardens by the Bay - Bay South Garden. 5 million plants. Walk through the MBS, take the escalator down to the MBS mall, leave the mall. 00 น. The Shoppes @ MBS 7. By Other Transports. Conveniently connected via a link bridge, Gardens by the Bay is 3,100 feet from Marina Bay Sands, while Marina Barrage is 1. 7. These revolve around physical concepts such as Dance, Waltz, Float, and Drift. Told through an amazing choreography of fountain jets, colourful visual projections, lasers, lava and mist effects, and the most majestic orchestra soundtrack. Spanning over 250 acres of reclaimed land, Singapore ’s awe-inspiring and award-winning Gardens by the Bay is a must-see attraction. Video Credit: Singapore Tourism Board. 30,161 Reviews . Supertree grove 11. You can take a vehicle from Gardens by the Bay to Merlion via Bayfront, Chinatown, and Harbourfront in around 43 min. Taxi from Helix Bridge to Marina Bay Sands. Tickets cost $1 - $3 and the journey takes 1h 12m. 10:00 AM–11:00 AM; 2:00 PM–3:00 PM;Discover a pair of innovative, spring and tropical-themed greenhouses. The Supertree Grove, Sun Pavillion, Heritage Gardens, World of Plants, Serene Garden, and Dragonfly and Kingfisher Lakes close at 2 am daily. The Merlion. 9) The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands. Outside Cloud Forest / Flower Dome (Ending Point) Please note that sites or routes may be subject to changes based on actual day conditions. Bay. Exit A - Connects to Gardens by the Bay. Also I had no idea the Helix Bridge. Shangri-La Rasa Sentosa, Singapore. 04 million, which equals $985 psf ppr. Singapore Marvels: Walking Tour of Gardens by the Bay,. Follow the footpath that leads under the East Coast Parkway (ECP), which will bring you directly into Bay South Garden along the waterfront. The closest bus stop is Marina Bay Sands Theatre. Although there are a few MRT stations close to Marina Bay Sands, the station that you want to get to is. Starting from. Attraction Promotion. In five minutes from this point, I reach Gardens by the Bay East, where there is a toilet if nature calls, and Marina Barrage, the end of my journey, is just another 3km away, with marvellous. From Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre, walk across the Lions Bridge on Level 4 which connects to the Dragonfly Bridge into Bay South Garden. Exit and cross the Dragonfly Bridge or Meadow Bridge into Gardens by the Bay. It is a quick 6-minute walk to the attraction. Located next to Marina Reservoir, the gardens are home to many unique features that impress visitors of all. The Helix Bridge. Take Bus 400 from the bus stop in front of the Financial Centre. The station has five entrances. Opening Hours: Daily 3:00pm – 9:00pm. Food & Drink. N1° 16' 58. Contact: +65 6420 6848. S$ 12. This is arguably the most innovative Garden complex in the world, and it should rank very high on your Singapore ‘to-do-list’. The cheapest way to get from 227 South Bridge Road to Gardens by the Bay costs only $1, and the quickest way takes just 5 mins. If you want to include the nearby Gardens by the Bay then budget another hour for the light show at the SuperTree Grove (7:45pm and 8:45pm). :) Should you have s$22. For 24/7 Bay Bridge traffic. Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort and billed as the world's most expensive standalone casino property. We went in the late afternoon, around 5 p. 30pm. The idea for the bridge comes amid Bay East Garden being developed into a waterfront garden, alongside the construction of Founders’ Memorial, Mr Lee said at Gardens by the Bay’s 10th. Best Time to Visit: Early evening or late afternoon are the best times to visit Marina Bay Sands because you can enjoy the luxury dining experience, the different hues of the sun. 00S$ 32. The Gardens by the Bay light show timings are 7:45 PM and 8:45 PM daily and usually lasts for about 10-15 minutes. Parking The Visitor Centre basement car park with 420 lots is located via the Main Gate. Keluar di Exit B. Or if your coming via the MRT to Bayfront station, just follow the signs for the underground route. Visitors are strongly encouraged to take public transport to the gardens. Opening Hours: 8. Gardens by the Bay is located on 18 Marina Gardens Dr, Singapore 018953 and you can get here on the MRT, yellow line, or by taxi. The glittering skyscrapers of the Central Business District are surrounded by a multitude of world-class leisure destinations and civic spaces for the community, truly making it the People’s Bay. per adult. Then, get off at Bayfront MRT Station (CE1/DT16) and take Exit B to go to Dragonfly Bridge or Meadow Bridge which are connected to Gardens by Bay. Cloud Forest featuring Avatar: The Experience has been extended till 1 January 2024! | From 1 Dec 2023 to 1 Jan 2024, the last admission to Supertree Observatory will be at 5pm. Walk straight. SMRT operates a vehicle from Botanic Gardens to Bayfront every 5 minutes. Here are my 8 favourite things to do around Marina Bay Sands. Set within Marina Bay is Gardens by the Bay, an attraction featuring domed conservatories and Supertrees. Singapore, Singapore . Garden Rhapsody timings. Gardens by the Bay can be found in the main downtown area. Walk The Helix Bridge. From Marina Bay Sands: Walk across the overhead bridge (Lions Bridge) located at Marina Bay Sands Hotel (open daily from 8:00 AM to 11:00 PM), or take the underground linkway via Bayfront station. First of all, it services the massively popular Marina Bay Sands complex which consists of a luxury hotel, large shopping mall, casino, convention centre and a lot more. 9829"E103° 51' 37. Marina Bay Sands. Marvel at the city’s popular attractions like Gardens by the Bay and see the sculptures of the Supertree Grove. Walk across the overhead bridge (Lions Bridge) located at Marina Bay Sands Hotel (open daily from 8. Within Flower Dome, the ever-changing floral displays, including crowd favourites such as Tulipmania, Orchid. . TWG Tea on the Bay: Conveniently located next to the Casino, Convention Centre and MRT station. Step 5: Take the East-West Line and get off Bugis station (EW12/DT14). Marina Square and Millenia Walk are within 0. com. Marina Bay Sands SkyPark. Marina Bay Sands is probably the most iconic building of Singapore that everybody knows. Step into the Flower Dome, the largest glass greenhouse in the world, as listed in the 2015 Guinness World Records, and the Cloud Forest, which is home to the world's tallest indoor waterfall. Tickets to Floral Fantasy. Tower Transit Singapore operates a bus from The Sail to Marina Bay Sands Theatre every 10 minutes. Explore the Kingfisher Wetlands Trail and discover its diverse ecosystems, plants, and animals! Daily: 5. Lace up your walking shoes – it is time to start exploring the many things to do around Marina Bay! Top Tip: Use the Raffles Place MRT Station to get to Marina in Singapore. 14. Shop. Wedding proposal. The largest of the gardens is Bay South Garden at 54 ha. 30pm and 6. Btw MBS & Gardens by the Bay) Singapore. Marina Bay Sands. Wedding Reception / Solemnisation. The best way to get from Merlion Park to Marina Bay Sands, Singapore costs only $6 and takes just 2 mins. Arrive via our limousine buggy service from Gardens by the Bay’s Main Entrance (Taxi Drop Off. 12 Canopy Bridge. Gardens By The Bay Opening Times. Singapore's 21st-century botanical garden is a S$1 billion, 101-hectare fantasy land of space-age biodomes, high-tech Supertrees and whimsical sculptures…Gardens by the Bay in Singapore is a must-visit destination, featuring an expansive park with striking Super Trees, the OCBC Skywalk bridge, and two captivating domes – the Cloud Forest and Flower Dome. 3 January 2020 | Singapore Tatler. Photography: Gardens by the Bay. Services are operated by Tower Transit Singapore and SBS Transit. View Hotel. This stunning laser show is performed daily at the bayfront. . Pro tip: It is freezing inside, just like in the Flower Dome, so bring a jacket. Find all the transport options for your trip from Marina Bay Sands, Singapore to Gardens by the Bay right here. Get to the top of Singapore’s one of the most iconic buildings, and see the impressive cityscape of Singapore and luscious SuperGroove trees at the Gardens by. I have found that on weekdays, at the Gardens by the Bay (GBTB), the number of tourists and expats vastly far outnumber the number of locals. At the end of the path, turn right under the Marina Bridge. This is also another spot to take a beautiful picture. Bus operators. 85 billion. (TWG Tea on the Bay) +65 6565 1837 (TWG Tea Gardens) Website. Marina Bay BBQ Steamboat Buffet (S11-16) Halal status: Halal-certified or Muslim-owned. This walk starts just outside Marina Square (nearest MRT station: Esplanade, or City Hall). The journey time between Marina Bay Stn and Gardens by the Bay is around 17 min and covers a distance of around 2 km. Christmas Wonderland ticket is required for admission to Supertree Observatory from 6. Get directions. 1. Located in Marina Bay, the park is one of Singapore’s most recognizable landmarks. Perhatikan papan penunjuk arah “To Garden by the Bay” saat keluar. Its waterfront gardens (Bay South, Bay East, and Bay Central) and Conservatories (the Flower Dome and Cloud Forest), as well as the Supertree Observatory, feature some of the most incredible man-made structures built to house. Hotel rooms are large, spacious and clean - which I find is not a plus point but an expectation as the hotel is relatively new. Discover Bay South, Bay East, and Bay Central Gardens and surround yourself in a world of tranquility. The site incldues a grove of 12 supertrees. Alternatively, get your culture fix by stepping into a world of innovation and design at. Board buses 97, 133, 106 to get you there. Mon - Fri: 10. Save to wishlist. from. 6. The actual dates are yet to be announced. 329 reviews of Marina Bay Sands "I swear this is not me being patriotic, but Marina Bay Sands hotel has to be the hotel with one of the THE BEST views I have ever seen. Gardens by The Bay is a $625 million project of the city-state of Singapore, which follows the strategy of transforming the city into a garden to improve the quality of life. Find the travel options that best suit you. Walk across the overhead bridge (Lions Bridge) located at Marina Bay Sands Hotel (open daily from 8. The Giant Super Trees are erected in the Super Tree Grove, each with a height between 25 and 50 meters. Packages Inclusive of airport transfer, 4 star hotel stay, breakfast, visa, sightseeing, & more at unbelievably affordable rates! Fascinating Singapore 4D/3N Package @ Rs 21,000. The building’s architecture is eye-catching, shaped like a boat on top of 3 towers. Additionally, the light shows -- Spectra at the Marina Bay Sands Events Plaza and Garden Rhapsody at Gardens by the Bay -- start by 7:45 PM and the SkyPark Observation Deck has the best seats in the city. Watch. Or if your coming via the MRT to Bayfront station, just follow the signs for the underground route. Big Bus Singapore Night Tour with Gardens by the Bay Light Show. Far East Organization Children’s Gardens. 8. 1. Bay South Garden, a section of the waterfront gardens in the new Downtown @ Marina Bay, will open on June 29. Marina Bay Sands is set to have a fourth tower constructed by 2028, at an estimated cost of S$4. 1. Book your tickets online for Gardens by the Bay, Singapore: See 60,244 reviews, articles, and 62,639 photos of Gardens by the Bay, ranked No. 45pm and 8. Spectacular Views: Experience breathtaking, unobstructed views of the Singapore skyline, including iconic landmarks like the Merlion and Gardens by the Bay. It opens till 2:00 am daily. Hello, the bridge linking Gardens by the Bay to Marina Bay Sands is the Marina Overpass, it goes over the expressway. Singapore, Singapore. 1 Marina Bay Sands SkyPark. For a mid-length run, try circling through Gardens by the Bay. Operating hours:. Length: 11. The Floral Fantasy uses technology and art to showcase incredible flowers from all over the world. 15. Enter the park from the Dragonfly Bridge, which is the perfect spot to get some photographs of the large Supertrees, the Singapore Flyer and Marina Bay Sands. 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM daily. 03223 located at International Plaza, Anson Road. Nearest City. 861°E / 1. After passing by ArtScience Museum, we once again headed under the Helix Bridge and Bayfront Avenue to find ourselves at Gardens by the Bay, close to the Active Garden. 8 mi • Est. Here are my 8 favourite things to do around Marina Bay Sands. Way back in January 2006, a design competition was launched to motivate world-class design ideas for Gardens by the Bay. Soak in the unbeatable views of Singapore while you relax in a comfortable capsule when you purchase the Marina Bay Sands deck tickets. I am going to list the attractions at Gardens by The Bay in the order that feels most naturally to visit for most. 00am – 8. Then, take Bus 400 and alight at Bus Stop 03371 along Marina Gardens Drive - From Marina Bay Sands Hotel: Cross the overhead bridge Lions Bridge (open daily from 8:00 am–11:00 pm) or walk through the underground linkway via Bayfront MRT Station18 Marina Gardens Drive, Singapore 018953. Marina Bay Sands. 00pm. S$ 20. Supertree Observatory will be closed on maintenance days. You can take public transit via the Circle Line or Downtown Line and get off at Bayfront MRT Station. No attraction in Singapore is as mesmerizing as Gardens by the Bay. Singapore Tourism. Half fish, half lion, the mythical Merlion is the national icon, symbolising Singapore’s humble beginnings as a. Orchids of Machu Picchu. There is a taxi stop a couple of minutes walk from the Supertree Grove, make sure to ask to be dropped there, the park is huge. 2 km Bridges.